{"id":3865,"date":"2016-10-02T15:18:45","date_gmt":"2016-10-02T18:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/?p=3865"},"modified":"2017-07-14T00:49:41","modified_gmt":"2017-07-14T03:49:41","slug":"isixhosa-2016-10-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/2016\/10\/02\/isixhosa-2016-10-02\/","title":{"rendered":"isiXhosa &#8211; 2016-10-02"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Lessons I &amp; II<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Highlights:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the grammatical structure of <strong>isiXhosa<\/strong> is very different from that of any European language;<\/li>\n<li>euphonic or alliterative concord: the prefix of the noun determine those of the subordinate parts of the subject and also of the predicate;<\/li>\n<li>isiXhosa uses the Latin alphabet, with &lt;c&gt;, &lt;x&gt; and &lt;q&gt; representing click consonants;<\/li>\n<li>stress falls on the next-to-last syllable;<\/li>\n<li>there are no articles;<\/li>\n<li>prefixes come in pairs, one for the singular, the other for the plural.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Examples of nouns in all classes:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><i><b>Meaning<\/b><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><b>Singular<\/b><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><b>Plural<\/b><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>person<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>umntu<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>abantu<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>sister<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>udade<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>odade<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>word<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>ilizwi<\/b>, <b>izwi<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>amazwi<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>sheep<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>imvu<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>izimvu<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>house<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>indlu<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>izindlu<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>pig<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>ihangu<\/b> (dictionary says it is <b>ihagu<\/b>)<\/td>\n<td><b>izihangu<\/b>, <b>ihangu<\/b> (or maybe <b>izihagu<\/b>, <b>ihagu<\/b>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>candle<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>isibane<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>izibane<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>rib<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>ubambo<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>izimbambo<\/b>, <b>imbambo<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>rod<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>uluti<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>izinti<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>tongue<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>ulwimi<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>izilwimi<\/b>, <b>ilwimi<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>tree<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>umti<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>imiti<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>kindness<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>ububele<\/b><\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>food<\/i><\/td>\n<td><b>ukudla<\/b><\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/?p=3864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>(From Crawshaw&#8217;s First Kafir Course-1903)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lessons I &amp; II Highlights: the grammatical structure of isiXhosa is very different from that of any European language; euphonic or alliterative concord: the prefix of the noun determine those of the subordinate parts of the subject and also of the predicate; isiXhosa uses the Latin alphabet, with &lt;c&gt;, &lt;x&gt; and &lt;q&gt; representing click consonants; &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/2016\/10\/02\/isixhosa-2016-10-02\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">isiXhosa &#8211; 2016-10-02<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3567,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[5749,5748,5744,5746,5747,5750,5745,5751,5755,5743,5756,5752,5753,5742,5754],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3865"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3865"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3888,"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3865\/revisions\/3888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oderalon.net\/linguae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}