Category Archives: akkadu.𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑

Akkadisch (akkadû, 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 ak-ka-du-u2; Logogramm: 𒌵𒆠 URIKI) ist eine ausgestorbene semitische Sprache, die stark vom Sumerischen beeinflusst wurde. Sie wurde bis ins erste nachchristliche Jahrhundert in Mesopotamien und im heutigen Syrien verwandt, in den letzten Jahrhunderten zunehmend vom Aramäischen verdrängt und diente zuletzt nur noch als Schrift- und Gelehrtensprache. Ihre Bezeichnung ist vom Namen der Stadt Akkad abgeleitet. Akkadisch war zusammen mit dem Aramäischen Volks- und Amtssprache in Mesopotamien sowie zeitweise die Sprache der internationalen Korrespondenz in Vorderasien bis nach Ägypten. Ihre beiden wichtigsten Dialekte waren Babylonisch und Assyrisch. Das Eblaitische wird von den meisten Forschern als nächster Verwandter des Akkadischen betrachtet.

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – Akkadian Syllabary

This is my attempt at a full “simple” syllabary (i.e., V, CV & VC only) for Akkadian, based on what I can find online and in books.

This is a student’s work, so, even though I try my best to ensure the information is correct, you shouldn’t take this as a reliable or authoritative source.

 

 

Xa Xe Xi Xu
𒀀,
á 𒀉
e 𒂊,
é 𒂍
i 𒄿,
í=IÁ 𒐊
u 𒌋,
ú 𒌑,
ù 𒅇
k- ka 𒅗,
𒆍,
kà=GA 𒂵
ke, ki=KI 𒆠,
ké, kí=GI 𒄀
ku 𒆪,
kú=GU7 𒅥,
𒆬,
ku4 𒆭
g- ga 𒂵,
𒂷
ge, gi=GI 𒄀,
gé, gí=KID 𒆤,
gè, gì=DIŠ 𒁹 ,
gi4 𒄄,
gi5=KI 𒆠
gu 𒄖,
𒄘,
gù=KA 𒅗,
gu4 𒄞,
gu5=KU 𒆪,
gu6=NAG 𒅘,
gu7 𒅥
q- qa=SÌLA 𒋡 qe,qi=KIN 𒆥 qu=KUM 𒄣
p- pa 𒉺,
pá=BA 𒐀
pe=PI 𒉿,
pé=BI 𒁉
pi 𒉿,
pí=BI 𒁉,
pì=BAD 𒁁
pu=BU 𒁍,
pú=TÚL 𒇥,
𒅤
b- ba 𒁀,
bá=PA 𒉺,
bà=EŠ 𒂠
be=BAD 𒁁,
bé=BI 𒁉,
bè=NI 𒉌
bi 𒁉,
bí=NE 𒉈,
bì=PI 𒉿
bu 𒁍,
bú=KASKAL 𒆜,
bù=PÙ 𒅤
t- ta 𒋫,
tá=DA 𒁕
te 𒋼,
té=TÍ 𒊹
ti 𒋾,
𒊹,
tì=DIM 𒁴,
ti4=DI 𒁲
tu 𒌅,
tú=UD 𒌓,
tù=DU 𒁺
d- da 𒁕,
dá=TA 𒋫
de=DI 𒁲,
dé ,
dè=NE 𒉈
di 𒁲,
dí=TÍ 𒄭
du 𒁺,
dú=TU 𒌅,
dù=GAG 𒆕,
du4=TUM 𒌈
m- ma 𒈠,
𒈣
me 𒈨,
mé=MI 𒈪,
𒀞/𒅠
mi 𒈪,
mí=MUNUS 𒊩,
mì=ME 𒈨
mu 𒈬,
mú=SAR 𒊬
n- na 𒈾,
𒈿,
nà=AG 𒀝,
na4 (“NI.UD”) 𒉌𒌓
ne 𒉈,
né=NI 𒉌
ni 𒉌,
ní=IM 𒉎
nu 𒉡,
nú=NÁ 𒈿
s- sa 𒊓,
sá=DI 𒁲,
sà=ZA 𒍝,
sa4 (“ḪU.NÁ”) 𒄷𒈾
se, si=SI 𒋛,
sé, sí=ZI 𒍣
su 𒋢,
sú=ZU 𒍪,
sù=SUD 𒋤,
su4 𒋜
z- za 𒍝,
zá=NA4 𒉌𒌓
ze=ZI 𒍣,
zé=ZÌ 𒍢
zi 𒍣,
𒍢,
𒍥
zu 𒍪,
zú=KA 𒅗
ṣ- ṣa=SAG 𒊕 ṣe, ṣi=ZÍ 𒍢 ṣu=UZ 𒊺𒄷
š- ša 𒊭,
šá=NÍG 𒐼,
šà 𒊮
še 𒊺,
šé,
šè 𒂠
ši=IGI 𒅆,
ší=SI 𒋛
šu 𒋗,
šú 𒋙,
šù=ŠÈ 𒂠,
šu4=U 𒌋
h-, ḫ- ḫa 𒄩,
ḫá=ḪI.A 𒄭𒀀,
ḫà=U 𒌋,
ḫa4=ḪI 𒄭
ḫe, ḫi=ḪI 𒄭,
ḫé, ḫí=GAN 𒃶
ḫu 𒄷
l- la 𒆷,
lá=LAL 𒇲,
là=NU 𒉡
le, li=LI 𒇷,
lé, lí=NI 𒉌
lu 𒇻,
𒇽
r- ra 𒊏,
rá=DU 𒁺
re, ri=RI 𒊑,
ré, rí=URU 𒌷
ru 𒊒,
rú=GAG 𒆕,
rù=AŠ 𒀸
y- ya=IA 𒅀
‘- ‘a=A’ 𒀪
w- wa, we, wi, wu=PI 𒉿
Xa Xe Xi Xu
aX eX iX uX
ag 𒀝,
ág 𒉘
eg, ig=IG 𒅅,
ég, íg=E 𒂊
ug 𒊌 -k, -g, -q
ab 𒀊,
áb 𒀖
eb, ib=IB 𒅁,
éb, íb=TUM 𒌈
ub 𒌒,
úb=ŠÈ 𒂠
-p, -b
ad 𒀜,
ád 𒄉
ed=Á 𒀉 id=Á 𒀉, íd=A.ENGUR 𒀀𒇉 ud 𒌓, úd=ÁŠ 𒀾 -t, -d
am 𒄠/𒂔,
ám=ÁG 𒉘
em=IM 𒅎 im 𒅎,
ím=KAŠ4 𒁽
um 𒌝,
úm=UD 𒌓
-m
an 𒀭 en 𒂗,
én,
èn=LI 𒇷
in 𒅔,
in4=EN 𒂗,
in5=NIN 𒊩𒌆
un 𒌦,
ún=U 𒌋
-n
as=AZ 𒊍 es, is=GIŠ 𒄑,
és, ís=EŠ 𒂠 ,
éz, íz=IŠ 𒅖
uz=ŠE&HU 𒊺𒄷
úz=UŠ 𒍑,
ùz 𒍚
-s, -z, -ṣ
𒀸,
áš 𒀾
𒌍/𒐁,
éš=ŠÈ 𒂠
𒅖,
íš=KASKAL 𒆜
𒍑,
úš=BAD 𒁁
aḫ 𒄴,
áḫ=ŠEŠ 𒋀
eḫ, iḫ=AḪ 𒄴 uḫ=AḪ 𒄴,
úḫ 𒌔
-h, -ḫ
al 𒀠,
ál=ALAM 𒀩
el 𒂖,
él=IL 𒅋
il 𒅋,
íl 𒅍
ul 𒌌,
úl=NU 𒉡
-l
ar 𒅈,
ár=UB 𒌒
er=IR 𒅕 ir 𒅕,
íp=A.IGI 𒀀𒅆
ur 𒌨,
úr 𒌫
-r
aX eX iX uX

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-08 (Lesson 1 Exercise 4 – Answers)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Answers to Exercise 4

(See Vocabulary)

Read the cuneiform text:

  • 𒀭𒊏𒁍𒌝 &
  • 𒀭𒃲:
    • ilum rabûm(a/the) great god
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲𒈨𒌍:
    • ilū rabûtum(the) great gods
  • 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈨𒌍:
    • ina ilīamong (the) gods
  • 𒀀𒈾𒂍:
    • ana bītimto a/the house
  • 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲𒈨𒌍:
    • ina ilī rabûtimamong (the) great gods
  • 𒀭𒃲𒃲:
    • ilū rabûtum, ilī rabûtim(the) great gods
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍:
    • ilū, ilī(the) gods
  • 𒄿𒈾𒂍𒃲:
    • ina bītim rabîm – in (a/the) great house

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-07 (Lesson 1 Exercise 3 – Answers)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Answers to Exercise 3

(See Vocabulary)

Translate into 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑:

  • powerful kings:
    • šarrū dannūtum
    • 𒈗𒆗𒆗;
    • 𒈗𒈗𒆗𒌈;
    • 𒊭𒊒𒁕𒉡𒌈
  • great men:
    • zikarū rabûtum
    • 𒍑𒃲𒃲;
    • 𒍑𒍑𒃲𒌈;
    • 𒍣𒅗𒊒𒊏𒁍𒌈
  • the honoured god:
    • ilum kabtum
    • 𒀭𒂂;
    • 𒀭𒂂𒌈;
    • 𒄿𒈝𒆏𒌈
  • angry gods:
    • ilū ezzūtum
    • 𒀭𒀭𒄭𒄊;
    • 𒀭𒀭𒄭𒄊𒌈;
    • 𒄿𒇻𒄑𒍪𒌈
  • another place:
    • ašrum šanūm
    • 𒆠𒈫𒄭𒁁;
    • 𒆠𒈫𒄭𒁁𒈠;
    • 𒆠𒈫𒄭𒁁𒉏;
    • 𒀸𒊒𒌝𒊭𒉏
  • in the fire:
    • ina išātim
    • 𒄿𒈾𒉈;
    • 𒄿𒈾𒉈𒁴;
    • 𒄿𒈾𒄿𒊭𒁴
  • from the battle:
    • ištu tamḫārim
    • 𒅖𒌅𒅆;
    • 𒅖𒌅𒅆𒅎;
    • 𒅖𒌅𒋫𒄠𒄩𒊑𒅎
  • like a slave:
    • kīma wardim
    • 𒆠𒈠𒀴;
    • 𒆠𒈠𒀴𒁴;
    • 𒆠𒈠𒉿𒅈𒁴

 

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-07 (Lesson 1 Exercise 2 – Answers)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Answers to Exercise 2

(See Vocabulary)

  • 𒀀𒉿𒇴
    • awīlam: man (acc.)
  • 𒉿𒅈𒁴
    • wardim: slave (gen.)
  • 𒉌𒅆𒊷𒀊𒄩𒁴
    • nišī sapḫātim: scattered people (f. pl. obl.)
  • 𒅈𒉆𒆏𒋫𒄠
    • arnam kabtam: heavy crime/punishment
  • 𒄭𒊒𒌝𒄀𒀉𒈠𒈝
    • šarrum gitmālum: perfect/noble king
  • 𒁍𒍑𒆠𒉿𒀸𒌅𒁴
    • pušqī waštûtim: fierce difficulties
  • 𒄿𒈾𒄭𒊑
    • ina šarrī: among the kings, from the kings
  • 𒀭𒊏𒁍𒌝
    • Anum rabûm: the great Anum
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒅕𒊑𒁴
    • aššum erretim: because of the curse
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲
    • ilū rabûtum: (the) great gods
  • 𒂼𒊏𒁉𒌈
    • ummum rabītum: (the) great mother
  • 𒄿𒈾𒋫𒄠𒄩𒊑𒅎
    • ina tamḫārim: in (the) battle
  • 𒆠𒈠𒄿𒊭𒁴𒄑𒍣𒁴
    • kīma išātim ezzetim: like an angry fire
  • 𒅕𒊑𒋫𒄠𒈠𒊒𒍑𒋫𒄠
    • erretam maruštam: a painful curse (acc.)
  • 𒊑𒈬𒌝𒅗𒀜𒊒𒌝
    • rīmum kadrum: a fierce wild bull
  • 𒈗𒁕𒉏
    • šarrum dannum: a/the powerful king
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒍣𒅗𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
    • aššum zikarim šanîm: because of another man; because of the second man
  • 𒀀𒈾𒀸𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
    • ana ašrim šanîm: to another place
  • 𒅖𒌅𒂍
    • ištu bītim: from a/the house
  • 𒄿𒈾𒈠𒄴𒊑𒅎
    • ina maḫrim: in/at the front

 

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-07 (Lesson 1 Exercise 2)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Exercise 2

(See Vocabulary)

  • 𒀀𒉿𒇴
  • 𒉿𒅈𒁴
  • 𒉌𒅆𒊷𒀊𒄩𒁴
  • 𒅈𒉆𒆏𒋫𒄠
  • 𒄭𒊒𒌝𒄀𒀉𒈠𒈝
  • 𒁍𒍑𒆠𒉿𒀸𒌅𒁴
  • 𒄿𒈾𒄭𒊑
  • 𒀭𒊏𒁍𒌝
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒅕𒊑𒁴
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲
  • 𒂼𒊏𒁉𒌈
  • 𒄿𒈾𒋫𒄠𒄩𒊑𒅎
  • 𒆠𒈠𒄿𒊭𒁴𒄑𒍣𒁴
  • 𒅕𒊑𒋫𒄠𒈠𒊒𒍑𒋫𒄠
  • 𒊑𒈬𒌝𒅗𒀜𒊒𒌝
  • 𒈗𒁕𒉏
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒍣𒅗𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
  • 𒀀𒈾𒀸𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
  • 𒅖𒌅𒂍
  • 𒄿𒈾𒈠𒄴𒊑𒅎

(See Answers.)

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-06 (Lesson 1 Vocabulary)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Vocabulary

    • 𒀀𒈾 anato
    • 𒉆𒋳𒂵 (𒅈𒉏) arnumsin, crime
    • 𒆠 (𒀸𒊒𒌝) ašrumplace
    • 𒀸𒋗 aššu; 𒀸𒋗𒌝 aššumbecause of, concerning; because
    • 𒇽 (𒀀𒉿𒈝) awīlumman
    • 𒂍 (𒁉𒌈) bītumhouse
    • 𒆗 (𒁕𒀭𒉏) dannumstrong, powerful
    • 𒀾 (𒅕𒊑𒌈) erretumcurse, malediction
    • 𒄭𒄊 (𒄑𒍮) ezzumangry
    • 𒄀𒀉𒈠𒈝 gitmālumperfect, noble
    • 𒀭 (𒄿𒈝) ilumgod
    • 𒆗 (𒄿𒈾) inain, among, from, within, with (instr.)
    • 𒉈 (𒄿𒊭𒌈) išātumfire
    • 𒅖𒌅 ištufrom
    • 𒂂, 𒁁 (𒆏𒌈) kabtumheavy
    • 𒆐𒊒𒌝 kadrumwild, fierce
    • 𒆠𒈠 kīmaas, like; as, that, when
    • 𒅆 (𒈠𒄴𒊒𒌝) maḫrumfront
    • 𒈪𒉭𒌅𒊏 (𒈠𒅈𒋧) marṣumsick, difficult, painful
    • 𒌦𒈨𒌍 (𒉌𒋗) nišūpeople
    • 𒉽𒄬 (𒁍𒍑𒄣𒌝) pušqumdifficulty
    • 𒃲 (𒊏𒁍𒌝) rabûmgreat
    • 𒄞𒄠 (𒊑𒈬𒌝) rīmumwild bull
    • 𒄵 (𒊓𒀊𒄷𒌝) sapḫumscattered
    • 𒈫𒄭𒁁, 𒈫𒄭𒁁𒈠 (𒊭𒉏) šanûmsecond, other
    • 𒈗 (𒊭𒅈𒊒𒌝) šarrumking
    • 𒅆 (𒋫𒄠𒄩𒊒𒌝) tamḫārumbattle
    • 𒂼 (𒌝𒈬𒌝) ummummother
    • 𒀴 (𒉿𒅈𒁺𒌝) wardumslave, servant
    • 𒉿𒀸𒌈 wašṭumdifficult, hard, fierce
    • 𒍑 (𒍣𒅗𒊒𒌝) zikarum, (𒍨𒊒𒌝) zikrummale, man

 

 

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-05 (Lesson 1 Exercise 1 – Answers)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Answers to Exercise 1

(See Vocabulary)

 

šarrum “king” Singular Dual Plural
Nominative 𒊹𒊒𒌝 šarrum 𒊹𒊏𒀭 šarrān 𒊹𒊒 šarrū
Genitive 𒊹𒊑𒅎 šarrim 𒊹𒊑𒅔 šarrīn 𒊹𒊑 šarrī
Accusative 𒊹𒊏𒄠 šarram

 

šarratum “queen” Singular Dual Plural
Nominative 𒊹𒊏𒌈 šarratum 𒊹𒊏𒋫𒀭 šarratān 𒊹𒊏𒌈 šarrātum
Genitive 𒊹𒊏𒁴 šarratim 𒊹𒊏𒋾𒅔 šarratīn 𒊹𒊏𒁴 šarrātim
Accusative 𒊹𒊏𒋫𒄠 šarratam

 

erretum “curse” Singular Dual Plural
Nominative 𒅕𒊑𒌈 erretum 𒅕𒊑𒋫𒀭 erretān 𒅕𒊑𒌈 errētum
Genitive 𒅕𒊑𒁴 erretim 𒅕𒊑𒋾𒅔 erretīn 𒅕𒊑𒁴 errētim
Accusative 𒅕𒊑𒋫𒄠 erretam

 

dannum “strong”, “powerful” Masc. Singular Masc. Plural
Nominative 𒁕𒉡𒌝 dannum 𒁕𒉡𒌈 dannūtum
Genitive 𒁕𒉌𒅎 dannim 𒁕𒉡𒁴 dannūtim
Accusative 𒁕𒈾𒄠 dannam
Fem. Singular Fem. Plural
Nominative 𒁕𒈾𒌈 dannatum 𒁕𒈾𒌈 dannātum
Genitive 𒁕𒈾𒁴 dannatim 𒁕𒈾𒁴 dannātim
Accusative 𒁕𒈾𒋫𒄠 dannatam

 

 

ezzum “angry” Masc. Singular Masc. Plural
Nominative 𒄑𒍮 ezzum 𒄑𒍪𒌈 ezzūtum
Genitive 𒄑𒍣𒅎 ezzim 𒄑𒍪𒁴 ezzūtim
Accusative 𒄑𒍝𒄠 ezzam
Fem. Singular Fem. Plural
Nominative 𒄑𒍝𒌈 ezzatum 𒄑𒍝𒌈 ezzātum
Genitive 𒄑𒍝𒁴 ezzatim 𒄑𒍝𒁴 ezzātim
Accusative 𒄑𒍝𒋫𒄠 ezzatam

 

 

rubā’um > rubûm “prince” Singular Dual Plural
Nominative 𒊒𒁍𒌝 rubā’um> rubûm  𒊒𒁀𒀭 rubā’ān> rubân 𒊒𒁍 rubā’ū> rubû
Genitive 𒊒𒁉𒅎 rubā’im> rubêm  𒊒𒁉𒅔 rubā’īn> rubên
𒊒𒁉 rubā’ī> rubê
Accusative 𒊒𒁀𒄠 rubā’am> rubâm 

 

 

šanûm “second”, “other” Masc. Singular Masc. Plural
Nominative 𒊭𒉡𒌝 šanûm 𒊭𒉡𒌈 šanûtum
Genitive 𒊭𒉌𒅎 šanîm 𒊭𒉡𒁴 šanûtim
Accusative 𒊭𒈾𒄠 šanâm
Fem. Singular Fem. Plural
Nominative 𒊭𒈾𒌈 šanītum 𒊭𒈾𒌈 šanātum
Genitive 𒊭𒈾𒁴 šanītim 𒊭𒈾𒁴 šanātim
Accusative 𒊭𒈾𒋫𒄠 šanītam