Lessons I & II
Highlights:
- the grammatical structure of isiXhosa is very different from that of any European language;
- euphonic or alliterative concord: the prefix of the noun determine those of the subordinate parts of the subject and also of the predicate;
- isiXhosa uses the Latin alphabet, with <c>, <x> and <q> representing click consonants;
- stress falls on the next-to-last syllable;
- there are no articles;
- prefixes come in pairs, one for the singular, the other for the plural.
Examples of nouns in all classes:
Meaning | Singular | Plural |
person | umntu | abantu |
sister | udade | odade |
word | ilizwi, izwi | amazwi |
sheep | imvu | izimvu |
house | indlu | izindlu |
pig | ihangu (dictionary says it is ihagu) | izihangu, ihangu (or maybe izihagu, ihagu) |
candle | isibane | izibane |
rib | ubambo | izimbambo, imbambo |
rod | uluti | izinti |
tongue | ulwimi | izilwimi, ilwimi |
tree | umti | imiti |
kindness | ububele | – |
food | ukudla | – |
(From Crawshaw’s First Kafir Course-1903)