Category Archives: Afroasiatic

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – Akkadian Syllabary

This is my attempt at a full “simple” syllabary (i.e., V, CV & VC only) for Akkadian, based on what I can find online and in books.

This is a student’s work, so, even though I try my best to ensure the information is correct, you shouldn’t take this as a reliable or authoritative source.

 

 

Xa Xe Xi Xu
𒀀,
á 𒀉
e 𒂊,
é 𒂍
i 𒄿,
í=IÁ 𒐊
u 𒌋,
ú 𒌑,
ù 𒅇
k- ka 𒅗,
𒆍,
kà=GA 𒂵
ke, ki=KI 𒆠,
ké, kí=GI 𒄀
ku 𒆪,
kú=GU7 𒅥,
𒆬,
ku4 𒆭
g- ga 𒂵,
𒂷
ge, gi=GI 𒄀,
gé, gí=KID 𒆤,
gè, gì=DIŠ 𒁹 ,
gi4 𒄄,
gi5=KI 𒆠
gu 𒄖,
𒄘,
gù=KA 𒅗,
gu4 𒄞,
gu5=KU 𒆪,
gu6=NAG 𒅘,
gu7 𒅥
q- qa=SÌLA 𒋡 qe,qi=KIN 𒆥 qu=KUM 𒄣
p- pa 𒉺,
pá=BA 𒐀
pe=PI 𒉿,
pé=BI 𒁉
pi 𒉿,
pí=BI 𒁉,
pì=BAD 𒁁
pu=BU 𒁍,
pú=TÚL 𒇥,
𒅤
b- ba 𒁀,
bá=PA 𒉺,
bà=EŠ 𒂠
be=BAD 𒁁,
bé=BI 𒁉,
bè=NI 𒉌
bi 𒁉,
bí=NE 𒉈,
bì=PI 𒉿
bu 𒁍,
bú=KASKAL 𒆜,
bù=PÙ 𒅤
t- ta 𒋫,
tá=DA 𒁕
te 𒋼,
té=TÍ 𒊹
ti 𒋾,
𒊹,
tì=DIM 𒁴,
ti4=DI 𒁲
tu 𒌅,
tú=UD 𒌓,
tù=DU 𒁺
d- da 𒁕,
dá=TA 𒋫
de=DI 𒁲,
dé ,
dè=NE 𒉈
di 𒁲,
dí=TÍ 𒄭
du 𒁺,
dú=TU 𒌅,
dù=GAG 𒆕,
du4=TUM 𒌈
m- ma 𒈠,
𒈣
me 𒈨,
mé=MI 𒈪,
𒀞/𒅠
mi 𒈪,
mí=MUNUS 𒊩,
mì=ME 𒈨
mu 𒈬,
mú=SAR 𒊬
n- na 𒈾,
𒈿,
nà=AG 𒀝,
na4 (“NI.UD”) 𒉌𒌓
ne 𒉈,
né=NI 𒉌
ni 𒉌,
ní=IM 𒉎
nu 𒉡,
nú=NÁ 𒈿
s- sa 𒊓,
sá=DI 𒁲,
sà=ZA 𒍝,
sa4 (“ḪU.NÁ”) 𒄷𒈾
se, si=SI 𒋛,
sé, sí=ZI 𒍣
su 𒋢,
sú=ZU 𒍪,
sù=SUD 𒋤,
su4 𒋜
z- za 𒍝,
zá=NA4 𒉌𒌓
ze=ZI 𒍣,
zé=ZÌ 𒍢
zi 𒍣,
𒍢,
𒍥
zu 𒍪,
zú=KA 𒅗
ṣ- ṣa=SAG 𒊕 ṣe, ṣi=ZÍ 𒍢 ṣu=UZ 𒊺𒄷
š- ša 𒊭,
šá=NÍG 𒐼,
šà 𒊮
še 𒊺,
šé,
šè 𒂠
ši=IGI 𒅆,
ší=SI 𒋛
šu 𒋗,
šú 𒋙,
šù=ŠÈ 𒂠,
šu4=U 𒌋
h-, ḫ- ḫa 𒄩,
ḫá=ḪI.A 𒄭𒀀,
ḫà=U 𒌋,
ḫa4=ḪI 𒄭
ḫe, ḫi=ḪI 𒄭,
ḫé, ḫí=GAN 𒃶
ḫu 𒄷
l- la 𒆷,
lá=LAL 𒇲,
là=NU 𒉡
le, li=LI 𒇷,
lé, lí=NI 𒉌
lu 𒇻,
𒇽
r- ra 𒊏,
rá=DU 𒁺
re, ri=RI 𒊑,
ré, rí=URU 𒌷
ru 𒊒,
rú=GAG 𒆕,
rù=AŠ 𒀸
y- ya=IA 𒅀
‘- ‘a=A’ 𒀪
w- wa, we, wi, wu=PI 𒉿
Xa Xe Xi Xu
aX eX iX uX
ag 𒀝,
ág 𒉘
eg, ig=IG 𒅅,
ég, íg=E 𒂊
ug 𒊌 -k, -g, -q
ab 𒀊,
áb 𒀖
eb, ib=IB 𒅁,
éb, íb=TUM 𒌈
ub 𒌒,
úb=ŠÈ 𒂠
-p, -b
ad 𒀜,
ád 𒄉
ed=Á 𒀉 id=Á 𒀉, íd=A.ENGUR 𒀀𒇉 ud 𒌓, úd=ÁŠ 𒀾 -t, -d
am 𒄠/𒂔,
ám=ÁG 𒉘
em=IM 𒅎 im 𒅎,
ím=KAŠ4 𒁽
um 𒌝,
úm=UD 𒌓
-m
an 𒀭 en 𒂗,
én,
èn=LI 𒇷
in 𒅔,
in4=EN 𒂗,
in5=NIN 𒊩𒌆
un 𒌦,
ún=U 𒌋
-n
as=AZ 𒊍 es, is=GIŠ 𒄑,
és, ís=EŠ 𒂠 ,
éz, íz=IŠ 𒅖
uz=ŠE&HU 𒊺𒄷
úz=UŠ 𒍑,
ùz 𒍚
-s, -z, -ṣ
𒀸,
áš 𒀾
𒌍/𒐁,
éš=ŠÈ 𒂠
𒅖,
íš=KASKAL 𒆜
𒍑,
úš=BAD 𒁁
aḫ 𒄴,
áḫ=ŠEŠ 𒋀
eḫ, iḫ=AḪ 𒄴 uḫ=AḪ 𒄴,
úḫ 𒌔
-h, -ḫ
al 𒀠,
ál=ALAM 𒀩
el 𒂖,
él=IL 𒅋
il 𒅋,
íl 𒅍
ul 𒌌,
úl=NU 𒉡
-l
ar 𒅈,
ár=UB 𒌒
er=IR 𒅕 ir 𒅕,
íp=A.IGI 𒀀𒅆
ur 𒌨,
úr 𒌫
-r
aX eX iX uX

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-08 (Lesson 1 Exercise 4 – Answers)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Answers to Exercise 4

(See Vocabulary)

Read the cuneiform text:

  • 𒀭𒊏𒁍𒌝 &
  • 𒀭𒃲:
    • ilum rabûm(a/the) great god
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲𒈨𒌍:
    • ilū rabûtum(the) great gods
  • 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈨𒌍:
    • ina ilīamong (the) gods
  • 𒀀𒈾𒂍:
    • ana bītimto a/the house
  • 𒄿𒈾𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲𒈨𒌍:
    • ina ilī rabûtimamong (the) great gods
  • 𒀭𒃲𒃲:
    • ilū rabûtum, ilī rabûtim(the) great gods
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍:
    • ilū, ilī(the) gods
  • 𒄿𒈾𒂍𒃲:
    • ina bītim rabîm – in (a/the) great house

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-07 (Lesson 1 Exercise 3 – Answers)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Answers to Exercise 3

(See Vocabulary)

Translate into 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑:

  • powerful kings:
    • šarrū dannūtum
    • 𒈗𒆗𒆗;
    • 𒈗𒈗𒆗𒌈;
    • 𒊭𒊒𒁕𒉡𒌈
  • great men:
    • zikarū rabûtum
    • 𒍑𒃲𒃲;
    • 𒍑𒍑𒃲𒌈;
    • 𒍣𒅗𒊒𒊏𒁍𒌈
  • the honoured god:
    • ilum kabtum
    • 𒀭𒂂;
    • 𒀭𒂂𒌈;
    • 𒄿𒈝𒆏𒌈
  • angry gods:
    • ilū ezzūtum
    • 𒀭𒀭𒄭𒄊;
    • 𒀭𒀭𒄭𒄊𒌈;
    • 𒄿𒇻𒄑𒍪𒌈
  • another place:
    • ašrum šanūm
    • 𒆠𒈫𒄭𒁁;
    • 𒆠𒈫𒄭𒁁𒈠;
    • 𒆠𒈫𒄭𒁁𒉏;
    • 𒀸𒊒𒌝𒊭𒉏
  • in the fire:
    • ina išātim
    • 𒄿𒈾𒉈;
    • 𒄿𒈾𒉈𒁴;
    • 𒄿𒈾𒄿𒊭𒁴
  • from the battle:
    • ištu tamḫārim
    • 𒅖𒌅𒅆;
    • 𒅖𒌅𒅆𒅎;
    • 𒅖𒌅𒋫𒄠𒄩𒊑𒅎
  • like a slave:
    • kīma wardim
    • 𒆠𒈠𒀴;
    • 𒆠𒈠𒀴𒁴;
    • 𒆠𒈠𒉿𒅈𒁴

 

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-07 (Lesson 1 Exercise 2 – Answers)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Answers to Exercise 2

(See Vocabulary)

  • 𒀀𒉿𒇴
    • awīlam: man (acc.)
  • 𒉿𒅈𒁴
    • wardim: slave (gen.)
  • 𒉌𒅆𒊷𒀊𒄩𒁴
    • nišī sapḫātim: scattered people (f. pl. obl.)
  • 𒅈𒉆𒆏𒋫𒄠
    • arnam kabtam: heavy crime/punishment
  • 𒄭𒊒𒌝𒄀𒀉𒈠𒈝
    • šarrum gitmālum: perfect/noble king
  • 𒁍𒍑𒆠𒉿𒀸𒌅𒁴
    • pušqī waštûtim: fierce difficulties
  • 𒄿𒈾𒄭𒊑
    • ina šarrī: among the kings, from the kings
  • 𒀭𒊏𒁍𒌝
    • Anum rabûm: the great Anum
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒅕𒊑𒁴
    • aššum erretim: because of the curse
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲
    • ilū rabûtum: (the) great gods
  • 𒂼𒊏𒁉𒌈
    • ummum rabītum: (the) great mother
  • 𒄿𒈾𒋫𒄠𒄩𒊑𒅎
    • ina tamḫārim: in (the) battle
  • 𒆠𒈠𒄿𒊭𒁴𒄑𒍣𒁴
    • kīma išātim ezzetim: like an angry fire
  • 𒅕𒊑𒋫𒄠𒈠𒊒𒍑𒋫𒄠
    • erretam maruštam: a painful curse (acc.)
  • 𒊑𒈬𒌝𒅗𒀜𒊒𒌝
    • rīmum kadrum: a fierce wild bull
  • 𒈗𒁕𒉏
    • šarrum dannum: a/the powerful king
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒍣𒅗𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
    • aššum zikarim šanîm: because of another man; because of the second man
  • 𒀀𒈾𒀸𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
    • ana ašrim šanîm: to another place
  • 𒅖𒌅𒂍
    • ištu bītim: from a/the house
  • 𒄿𒈾𒈠𒄴𒊑𒅎
    • ina maḫrim: in/at the front

 

𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 – 2018-01-07 (Lesson 1 Exercise 2)

Vocabulary & Exercises from Introduction to Akkadian (Caplice)

Lesson 1

Exercise 2

(See Vocabulary)

  • 𒀀𒉿𒇴
  • 𒉿𒅈𒁴
  • 𒉌𒅆𒊷𒀊𒄩𒁴
  • 𒅈𒉆𒆏𒋫𒄠
  • 𒄭𒊒𒌝𒄀𒀉𒈠𒈝
  • 𒁍𒍑𒆠𒉿𒀸𒌅𒁴
  • 𒄿𒈾𒄭𒊑
  • 𒀭𒊏𒁍𒌝
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒅕𒊑𒁴
  • 𒀭𒈨𒌍𒃲
  • 𒂼𒊏𒁉𒌈
  • 𒄿𒈾𒋫𒄠𒄩𒊑𒅎
  • 𒆠𒈠𒄿𒊭𒁴𒄑𒍣𒁴
  • 𒅕𒊑𒋫𒄠𒈠𒊒𒍑𒋫𒄠
  • 𒊑𒈬𒌝𒅗𒀜𒊒𒌝
  • 𒈗𒁕𒉏
  • 𒀸𒋗𒌝𒍣𒅗𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
  • 𒀀𒈾𒀸𒊑𒅎𒊭𒉌𒅎
  • 𒅖𒌅𒂍
  • 𒄿𒈾𒈠𒄴𒊑𒅎

(See Answers.)