PULC/British English/S/II/9

Panglossa Universal Language Course: British English
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Human rights

• From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia that anyone can change

Human rights is the idea that people should have rights just because they are human beings. These rights are seen as universal, which does mean that they are for everyone, no matter what their race, religion, ethnicity, nationality, age, sex, political beliefs (or any other kind of beliefs), intelligence, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity.

The idea of human rights does come from ideas found in religion and philosophy.

Many religions do have laws or rules about how people should act toward others, in order to protect their rights. The exact idea, and word, “human rights” is not in old religious books (scriptures). But some of the rules from religions and writings from philosophy did make people think about it – by saying that it was moral to treat people the right way.

The modern Western idea of human rights did start in the European Enlightenment.

In the 16th century, some people did start suggesting that everyone did have the right to choose their religion and their leaders. This sort of thinking was important in the English civil war. After the war, the Philosopher John Locke did argue that people should have these rights. He was one of the first people to call them “human rights”. These ideas were also important in the American revolution and the French revolution in the 18th century.

In the 19th century, John Stuart Mill was an important philosopher who did think about human rights. He did say that people should be able to control their own bodies and minds. He did talk about three special ideas:

• freedom of speech
• freedom of assembly
• freedom to do what a person does wish if it does not harm others (even if other people do think that it is bad)

Georg Hegel was a philosopher who did talk about the idea of free will. He did also talk about what does make a person free: that a person must have certain relations with other people to have true freedom. A person must be able to:

• own property
• make contracts with other people
• make moral promises to people
• live with family
• get protection from laws
• have a voice in government

Human rights is an idea or principle. This does mean that it is a concept that people do talk about, think about, and believe.

There are many reasons for the principle of human rights:

• Natural law is the idea that truth does exist as part of the natural world. This is also a religious idea, that God does make natural law.
• Science does show people reasons to have human rights. Biologists do say that the reason why we do feel that human rights are good is because we did evolve this way. If an organism is good to other organisms, both organisms do live better most of the time.
• Political philosophy does also give reasons for human rights. If all people are treated fairly and well, there will be fewer fights in society.

• Read more at http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights