Lessons I & II
Highlights:
- the grammatical structure of isiXhosa is very different from that of any European language;
- euphonic or alliterative concord: the prefix of the noun determine those of the subordinate parts of the subject and also of the predicate;
- isiXhosa uses the Latin alphabet, with <c>, <x> and <q> representing click consonants;
- stress falls on the next-to-last syllable;
- there are no articles;
- prefixes come in pairs, one for the singular, the other for the plural.
Examples of nouns in all classes:
| Meaning |
Singular |
Plural |
| person |
umntu |
abantu |
| sister |
udade |
odade |
| word |
ilizwi, izwi |
amazwi |
| sheep |
imvu |
izimvu |
| house |
indlu |
izindlu |
| pig |
ihangu (dictionary says it is ihagu) |
izihangu, ihangu (or maybe izihagu, ihagu) |
| candle |
isibane |
izibane |
| rib |
ubambo |
izimbambo, imbambo |
| rod |
uluti |
izinti |
| tongue |
ulwimi |
izilwimi, ilwimi |
| tree |
umti |
imiti |
| kindness |
ububele |
– |
| food |
ukudla |
– |
(From Crawshaw’s First Kafir Course-1903)